Conclusions: The study confirmed the bidimensional structure of the LOT-R and invariance across age and gender. Normative scores of the LOT-R are provided. Low optimism mean scores were observed for unemployed people, people with low income, smokers, and obese people. The correlation between the subscales Optimism and Pessimism was strong for young and well educated people. There were only small gender differences in the LOT-R total score ( M = 16.4 for females and M = 16.1 for males). Invariance tests across gender and age groups confirmed metric invariance. Results: The Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) proved two (correlated) factors: Optimism and Pessimism. Method: A randomly selected German general population community sample with an age range of 18-80 years ( N = 9,711) was surveyed. The aims of this study were to test psychometric properties of the LOT-R, to provide normative scores, and to test the association between optimism and several psychological, sociodemographic, and behavioral factors. Results suggest that optimism and pessimism may not play a pertinent role in within variability of biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases and have a minor role in predicting to between-person variability of biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases.īiomarkers couples health older adults optimism pessimism.Background/Objective: The Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) is often used to assess dispositional optimism. Associations at the between-person level were also non-significant, with the exception of a positive association between husbands' pessimism and their own CRP, and husbands' optimism and their wives' CRP. Results for within-person effects were all non-significant, both within and across waves. Partners' pessimism and optimism levels were moderately associated.
Multilevel longitudinal actor-partner models were used to examine the contribution of a partner's optimism and pessimism to each biomarker, adjusting for respondent's age, sex, depression, body mass index, daily activity levels, and a summary score of respondent's doctor-diagnosed chronic conditions. Three waves of the Health and Retirement Study collected in 2006, 2010, and 2014 were used to test actor and partner effects of optimism and pessimism on C-reactive protein (CRP) and high-density lipoprotein.
Thus, our objectives were to examine whether partners' optimism and pessimism affect individual biological markers, differentiating between between-dyad associations and within-dyad predictive processes. Additionally, no study examined whether spousal levels of optimism and pessimism affect an individual's biological markers of cardiovascular health. However, the handful of studies focusing on cardiovascular biomarkers show inconsistent effects.
Studies have demonstrated the importance of optimism in predicting perceived general health.
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